Credit Memo
Executive Summary
Paramount Skydance Corporation (“PSKY”) has agreed to acquire 100% of the shares of Warner Bros. Discovery (“WBD”) for US$31.00 per share in cash (the “Acquisition”), valuing WBD at an enterprise value of c.US$110bn, equal to 7.5x fully synergised 2026 EBITDA. The agreement was signed on 27 February 2026 and is expected to close in Q3 2026, subject to the remaining regulatory clearances. We are the lead arranging team on the acquisition financing and seek Credit approval for our participation, set out below.
- The Acquisition is funded by c.US$47bn of new Class B equity from the Ellison Family and RedBird Capital Partners (the “Equity Investors”), including a c.US$45.7bn commitment from the Ellison Trust guaranteed personally by Larry Ellison (the “Ellison Guarantee”), together with debt commitments of c.US$54bn led by Bank of America, Citigroup and Apollo, reduced to c.US$49bn on syndication to eighteen lenders in April 2026.
- The debt is committed and is not subject to any financing condition. The c.US$49bn senior secured bridge facility (the “Bridge Facility”) is to be refinanced into permanent first-lien term debt of c.US$39.5bn and second-lien term debt of c.US$12.4bn before close.
- Our participation is in the first-lien term facility (the “First Lien Facility”), which carries issue ratings of BBB-/Baa3/BBB-, above the PSKY issuer ratings of BB+/Ba1/BB+. Indicative pricing on the dollar tranche is 6.75% to 7.01%.
- The US Department of Justice cleared the Acquisition on 12 June 2026 with no divestitures or remedies. Reviews in the European Union, the United Kingdom, the FCC foreign-ownership petition, and possible US state attorney-general action remain outstanding, and funding is conditioned on the remaining clearances.
- The transaction opens above the bank's total leverage ceiling of 5.0x and below the interest cover floor on a pre-synergy basis. Under Section 6 of the credit policy, any breach of a risk-appetite limit requires Credit Committee approval with a documented rationale, and the size of our exposure additionally requires Board Risk Committee approval. The documented rationale is set out in this paper and summarised in the Conclusion.
We hereby request Credit approval to:
- Underwrite US$2.0bn of the First Lien Facility.
- Take and hold US$750m following primary syndication, with any amount above US$750m distributed before close.
- Approve the Acquisition financing notwithstanding the breach of the total leverage ceiling of 5.0x and the interest cover floor, on the documented rationale set out in this paper and subject to the conditions in the Conclusion.
Approved Limits
| Approval Sought (US$m) | |
|---|---|
| Underwrite (First Lien Facility) | 2,000 |
| Final Hold (post-syndication) | 750 |
| Total Facility Limit (peak exposure) | 2,000 |
- The Underwrite of US$2.0bn is the peak exposure between commitment and syndication. The Final Hold of US$750m is the target exposure after primary syndication, with any excess distributed before close.
Business support for the transaction has been received from [Name], Global Head of Leveraged Finance; [Name], Head of Media and Telecommunications Coverage; and [Name], Head of Debt Capital Markets.
Transaction Summary
Total Transaction Sources & Uses (US$bn)
| Sources | Amount |
|---|---|
| New Class B equity (Equity Investors) | 47.0 |
| New first-lien secured term debt | 39.5 |
| New second-lien secured term debt | 12.4 |
| Total Sources | 98.9 |
| Uses | Amount |
|---|---|
| Purchase of WBD equity (100% at US$31.00 per share) | 81.0 |
| Refinance WBD existing bridge facility | 15.0 |
| Netflix termination fee (funded by PSKY) | 2.8 |
| Estimated fees, expenses and original issue discount | 0.1 |
| Total Uses | 98.9 |
Indicative and drawn from public sources, stated on a new-money basis. Assumed WBD debt of c.US$33bn remains within the structure and is excluded from the table. Pro forma gross debt of the combined group is c.US$79bn to c.US$87bn. The full Sources and Uses is pending the funds flow and the fee letter.
Pre-Transaction Structure
PSKY is the listed acquisition vehicle formed by the 2024 merger of Skydance Media into Paramount Global, controlled by the Ellison Family and RedBird. WBD is a separately listed group holding the Warner Bros. film and television studios, HBO and HBO Max, and the Discovery linear networks including CNN, TNT, TBS and HGTV. Existing debt sits at both PSKY (Paramount Global) and WBD, with WBD carrying c.US$33bn of existing debt.
Rationale
Acquisition of WBD
- PSKY acquires 100% of WBD for US$31.00 per share in cash, the final level in a contested process that began with mixed cash-and-stock approaches in September 2025 and included a competing Netflix proposal for WBD's studio and streaming assets, which was withdrawn on 26 February 2026.
- The combination brings together the Paramount and Warner Bros. studios, the Paramount+ and HBO Max streaming services, and the two groups' linear networks, forming a global studio and streaming group.
Equity and the Ellison Guarantee
- New Class B equity of c.US$47bn is provided by the Equity Investors, with the c.US$45.7bn Ellison Trust commitment guaranteed personally by Larry Ellison. The equity was syndicated in April 2026 to a group including Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund, the Qatar Investment Authority, Abu Dhabi's L'Imad and LionTree, with the three Gulf funds committing c.US$24bn in aggregate. Shares issued to the syndication parties are non-voting, and the Ellison Family and RedBird retain the controlling voting bloc.
Debt commitment and syndication
- Debt commitments of c.US$54bn were provided by Bank of America, Citigroup and Apollo, reduced to c.US$49bn on syndication to eighteen lenders in April 2026. The Bridge Facility is a 364-day senior secured facility to be refinanced into the permanent first-lien (c.US$39.5bn) and second-lien (c.US$12.4bn) term debt. A US$10bn pro rata package of senior secured Term A facilities and a revolving credit facility was put in place alongside.
Deal protections
- The Acquisition carries a US$7bn regulatory termination fee payable by PSKY if the deal is blocked on regulatory grounds, and a US$0.25 per share quarterly ticking fee accruing to WBD shareholders if closing runs past 30 September 2026. The definition of a material adverse effect excludes the performance of WBD's linear networks, and the financing is not subject to a financing condition.
Transaction Flow
On completion, the merger sub merges into WBD, with WBD surviving as a wholly owned subsidiary of PSKY. The new equity and the new secured debt fund the purchase of WBD's shares and the refinancing of WBD's existing bridge facility. Our exposure is to the First Lien Facility at the PSKY level, secured on a first-lien basis over substantially all US assets of PSKY, Paramount Global, Skydance Media and, post-close, WBD.
Funds Flow Steps
- The Equity Investors subscribe c.US$47bn of new Class B equity into PSKY.
- The lenders advance the new first-lien and second-lien secured term debt to PSKY.
- PSKY pays WBD shareholders US$31.00 per share in cash for 100% of the WBD shares.
- PSKY refinances WBD's existing US$15bn bridge facility.
- The merger sub merges into WBD, which survives as a wholly owned subsidiary of PSKY.
| Risks & Mitigants | |
|---|---|
| Risk | Mitigating Factors |
| Leverage and deleveraging (High) The group opens well above the bank's 5.0x total leverage ceiling and relies on synergy delivery and deleveraging to return within appetite. | Our exposure is first-lien senior secured, ranking ahead of c.US$12.4bn of second-lien debt and behind c.US$47bn of committed equity. The Equity Investors have committed to a deleveraging path of below 3.75x net by FY2028 and 3.0x by FY2029, with investment-grade metrics targeted within three years of close. A leverage covenant and deleveraging milestones consistent with that path are recommended as conditions of approval. Our final hold is limited to US$750m after syndication across eighteen institutions. |
| Synergy execution (High) The deleveraging path depends on realising over US$6bn of synergies on management's timetable. | The synergies are spread across technology, procurement, real estate and operations, reducing dependence on any single source. First-lien recovery does not rely on synergies being realised; the agencies' leverage figures already exclude unrealised synergies. The second-lien debt of c.US$12.4bn absorbs first loss below our position. Management expects c.30% of synergies in the first year after close and c.70% by the second, which can be tracked against the covenant milestones. |
| Linear decline (Medium) The Discovery linear networks face a projected EBITDA decline of c.22% from 2026 to 2027 and continued double-digit declines thereafter. | Growth in the combined streaming and studio businesses is expected to offset part of the decline. The secular decline of linear is already reflected in the agencies' leverage figures and in the 7.5x synergised acquisition multiple. Our first-lien position benefits from the full security package and the equity beneath the debt. |
| Refinancing (Medium) The c.US$49bn Bridge Facility is a 364-day facility that depends on permanent term debt being placed. | The financing is committed and not subject to a financing condition. The permanent first-lien and second-lien term debt is already being placed; S&P assigned preliminary 'BB' issue ratings to the proposed second-lien notes in May 2026. The lead banks are committed, and the bridge has already been reduced from c.US$54bn to c.US$49bn on syndication. |
| Regulatory and closing (Medium) Regulatory clearance is a condition to closing in several jurisdictions. | The US Department of Justice cleared the Acquisition on 12 June 2026 with no divestitures or remedies, removing the largest hurdle. Numerous other jurisdictions have cleared; the European Union (merger and Foreign Subsidies reviews), the UK CMA Phase 1 and the FCC foreign-ownership petition remain outstanding. A US$7bn regulatory termination fee is payable by PSKY if the deal is blocked, and funding is conditioned on the remaining clearances, so our commitment is not drawn unless the deal can close. Foreign ownership of c.49.5% (c.38.5% Gulf) is held on a non-voting basis, with the Ellison Family and RedBird retaining voting control. |
| Ratings and syndication (Medium) The PSKY issuer ratings are below investment grade and on negative watch, and the financing must be syndicated into the market. | Our exposure is to the First Lien Facility, with issue ratings of BBB-/Baa3/BBB-, at investment grade and above the issuer ratings. Syndication across eighteen institutions reduces our final hold to US$750m. The dollar tranche carries six months of soft-call protection at 101. Market appetite has been demonstrated by the completed syndication of the bridge and its reduction from c.US$54bn to c.US$49bn. |
Financial Summary
The Base Case follows management's guidance at signing. The rating agencies count synergies only as realised, which produces materially higher opening leverage than management's synergised figure. The figures below are drawn from public sources and the company's filings, and a full financial model is pending; the projection tables will be completed on receipt.
Key assumptions:
i. Synergies: Management expects over US$6bn of run-rate synergies, c.30% realised in the first year after close and c.70% by the second, from technology integration, procurement, real estate and operational efficiencies.
ii. Leverage and deleveraging: Management guides to net leverage of 4.3x on a synergised basis at close, against agency estimates of c.7.6x (S&P) and the low-7x range (Moody's) for 2026 on an unsynergised basis. Gross pro forma debt is c.US$79bn to c.US$87bn. The Equity Investors have committed to a path below 3.75x net by FY2028 and 3.0x by FY2029.
iii. Linear decline: The Discovery linear networks are projected to decline c.22% in EBITDA from 2026 to 2027, with continued double-digit declines thereafter, partly offset by growth in streaming and studios.
Summary metrics
| At close | |
|---|---|
| Implied fully synergised 2026 EBITDA (US$110bn at 7.5x) | c.US$14.7bn |
| Pro forma gross debt | c.US$79bn to c.US$87bn |
| Net leverage, synergised (management) | 4.3x |
| Total leverage, unsynergised (S&P, 2026) | c.7.6x |
| Free cash flow at WBD, 2026 (Moody's estimate) | c.US$3bn |
| First-lien issue ratings / issuer ratings | BBB-/Baa3/BBB- / BB+/Ba1/BB+ |
A full Summary P&L, cash flow and credit-metrics projection is pending the financial model.
Position against credit policy
The bank assesses leverage conservatively, on a gross unsynergised basis, consistent with Section 3.3 of the credit policy, which does not give credit for aggressive add-backs to EBITDA. On that basis total leverage and interest cover breach the policy at open. The equity-contribution test is comfortably met. The breach is one of opening leverage and the time taken to deleverage, with committed equity ranking ahead of our exposure.
| Metric | Policy max / floor | This deal | Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Total leverage, unsynergised at close (agency basis) | 5.0x max | c.7.6x | Breach |
| Total leverage, net synergised at close (management) | 5.0x max | 4.3x | Within ceiling on management basis |
| Interest cover at open | 2.0x floor | Below floor pre-synergy | Breach |
| Equity contribution (acquisitions) | 35% floor | c.43% | Pass |
Equity contribution measured as new equity of c.US$47bn against enterprise value of c.US$110bn.
Sensitivity and Scenario Analysis
- Stress case: half of the targeted synergies realised, c.US$3bn against the c.US$6bn target, and linear decline running ahead of plan. Under this case deleveraging slows materially and the group remains above the 5.0x ceiling beyond FY2028.
- The stress does not threaten the first-lien position, which benefits from the security package, the equity beneath it and the second-lien debt. It extends the period the exposure sits outside appetite.
- Flexibility levers in the stress case: deferral of discretionary capex, a pause on shareholder distributions while leverage is above the covenant level, and working-capital release.
- A full breakeven on synergy realisation and the linear trajectory is pending the financial model.
Scenario Analysis
| Scenario Analysis | At close | FY2028 | FY2029 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Net leverage, synergised | |||
| Base Case | 4.3x | <3.75x | 3.0x |
| Stress Case (illustrative) | c.6.0x | >5.0x | <5.0x |
Base Case per management guidance and the Equity Investors' stated commitments. Stress Case is illustrative and pending the financial model.
Conclusion
We are comfortable with the proposed terms of the transaction given:
- Our exposure is first-lien senior secured, with issue ratings of BBB-/Baa3/BBB- above the PSKY issuer ratings, and benefits from a security package over substantially all US assets of the group.
- Committed equity of c.US$47bn, including the c.US$45.7bn Ellison Trust commitment guaranteed by Larry Ellison, ranks behind our exposure and sits at c.43% of enterprise value, well above the 35% floor.
- Our final hold is limited to US$750m after primary syndication across eighteen institutions, and the dollar tranche carries six months of soft-call protection.
- The financing is committed and not subject to a financing condition, and the permanent first-lien and second-lien term debt is already being placed.
- The US Department of Justice cleared the Acquisition on 12 June 2026 with no remedies, and funding is conditioned on the remaining clearances, so our commitment is not drawn unless the deal can close.
- The Equity Investors have committed to a deleveraging path of below 3.75x net by FY2028 and 3.0x by FY2029, which we recommend be reflected in a leverage covenant and milestones.
Conditions of approval
- Final hold not to exceed US$750m, with any excess syndicated before close.
- Confirmation of the permanent financing terms and our final allocation before commitment.
- A leverage covenant and deleveraging milestones consistent with the Equity Investors' stated deleveraging path.
- Regulatory clearance as a condition to funding.
Residual risk accepted
The exposure opens above the total leverage ceiling and below the interest cover floor on a pre-synergy basis, and the return to within-appetite leverage depends on synergy delivery and the trajectory of the linear business. We state this plainly rather than netting it against the mitigants, in line with Section 4 of the credit policy. This is the documented rationale required under Section 6 for the breach of a risk-appetite limit, on which Credit Committee and Board Risk Committee approval is sought.
Appendix 1: Summary of Terms
| Borrower | Paramount Skydance Corporation (United States). |
|---|---|
| Guarantors and security providers | WBD and its direct and indirect wholly owned US subsidiaries (post-close); Paramount Global; Skydance Media. |
| Investors | The Ellison Family and RedBird Capital Partners, syndicated to Saudi Arabia's Public Investment Fund, the Qatar Investment Authority, Abu Dhabi's L'Imad and LionTree (Gulf funds c.US$24bn in aggregate; syndicated shares non-voting). |
| Mandated Lead Arrangers | Bank of America, Citigroup and Apollo, and other banks participating in syndication (eighteen institutions). |
| Target Assets | 100% of the shares of Warner Bros. Discovery. |
| Obligors | PSKY and the guarantor entities above. |
| Facilities | First Lien Facility (our participation), c.US$39.5bn first-lien term debt. Second-lien term debt, c.US$12.4bn. c.US$49bn senior secured bridge facility, to be refinanced into the permanent facilities. |
| Purpose | Part-fund the Acquisition and refinance WBD's existing bridge facility. |
| Facility Amount | Our underwrite US$2.0bn; final hold US$750m. |
| Currency | US$. |
| Ranking | First Lien Facility: senior secured, first-lien. Second-lien debt: senior secured, second-lien. |
| Final Maturity | Bridge: 364 days. Permanent term debt: tenor per the term sheet (pending). |
| Pricing | 6.75% to 7.01% on the dollar first-lien tranche, with six months of soft-call protection at 101. |
| Fees | Underwriting and arrangement fees per the fee letter (pending). |
| Covenants | Leverage covenant and deleveraging milestones consistent with the stated deleveraging path. Full covenant package pending the term sheet. |
| Security | First-lien over substantially all US assets of PSKY, Paramount Global, Skydance Media and, post-close, WBD; guarantees from WBD and its wholly owned US subsidiaries. |
| Other Terms | Minimum take and hold US$750m, subject to final credit approval. Financing not subject to a financing condition. Material adverse effect definition excludes WBD linear-network performance. |
| Governing law | New York law. |
Appendix 2: Management and Board
Leadership Team
David Ellison, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, PSKY: Founder of Skydance Media, which merged with Paramount Global in 2024 to form PSKY. Leads the combined group.
Chief Financial Officer and other named executives: To be confirmed from the management presentation.
Key Board Composition
Larry Ellison, equity provider and guarantor: Co-founder of Oracle Corporation. The Ellison Trust provides the c.US$45.7bn equity commitment under the Ellison Guarantee.
RedBird Capital Partners, equity investor: Founded by Gerry Cardinale. Co-backer of the equity alongside the Ellison Family, retaining a voting interest with the Ellison Family.
David Zaslav, WBD Chief Executive: Leads WBD through to completion and is expected to depart on close.
Full structured bios (nationality, tenure, prior employer scale and holdings) are pending the management presentation.